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From: hertz778@gmail.com (rhertz)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.relativity
Subject: The HOAX of the neutrino invention. After 95 years don't know shit.
Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2025 00:50:18 +0000
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In 1930 Wolfgang Pauli  proposed the existence of the neutrino (named in
1933 by Fermi) to solve the violation of energy conservation in beta
decay (when a neutron turns into a proton and emits an electron).
Scientists observed that the emitted electrons had varying energies,
rather than a fixed value as expected. The neutrino was ALLEGEDLY
detected experimentally by Cowan and Reines in 1956.

The missing energy varied from 0.1 to 0.2 eV (millions of times lower
than electrons at rest). Pauli assumed that neutrinos might be massless,
like photons, and this kept in the '70s, with the Standard Model
(1970s). Analysis from Solar Neutrinos (1960s–2001) suggested that
neutrinos oscillate, wich (de Broglie) require mass.

Up to date, the neutinos mass is UNKNOWN. As neutrinos proved to be the
JOKER CARD of particle physics, different types of neutrino emerged
since its invention TO JUSTIFY the conservation of energy. All three of
them were asigned a spin of 1/2 in the Standard Model, only for
equations involving SMEP charged particles. They are; Electron neutrino
(< 2.2 eV), Muon neutrino (< 0.17 eV) and Tau neutrino (< 15.5 MeV). The
energies ARE STILL NOT KNOWN (so their mass, IF THEY HAVE IT AT ALL).

Two collosal experiments have been developed to capture neutrinos, at
the expense of tens of billions of USD. One of these collosus is the
Japanese Super-Kamiokande (see attached pic), which uses ultrapure
water. The other one is the IceCube arrangement, located inside the
Antarctic ice. IceCube was designed to CAPTURE ultra-high-energy cosmic
neutrinos, while the Super-K is designed to CAPTURE solar, atmospheric,
and accelerator neutrinos, which are much less energetic.

The concept behind the CAPTURE of neutrinos is strictly based on the
emission of Cherenkov radiation (blue light flash), when they penetrate
water or ice, because its speed would be faster than light in those
enviroments, so they have to subside energy (Cerenkov discovered this
100 years ago).

The PROBLEM with neutrinos is that they don't like to interact with
matter. ALLEGEDLY (if neutrinos really exist), the probability to detect
ONE NEUTRINO PER YEAR, at the Japanese Super-K is:

ONE IN 10,000,000,000,000,000

Or about 5,000 to 10,000 neutrinos "detected by the Cherenkov blue flash
over 10^20 neutrinos per year entering into the Super-Kamiokande
(Super-K). It means about 10 to 20 neutrinos per day.

How the neutrinos "ARE DETECTED"?: Super-K uses a cylindrical stainless
steel tank, 41.4 meters tall × 39.3 meters in diameter (like a 13-story
building buried underground). It contains the inner  Super-K
(36-meter-tall × 34-meter-diameter) is filled with 50,000-ton ultrapure
water.

Super-K uses 11,129 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) to capture the
Cherenkov blue flashes that form a cone of light as it decreases its
speed at about 0.7c. The PMTs are extremely fragile and are placed side
by side in all the internal surface. If one explodes, a chain reaction
happens that destroy most of the other PMT.

The PMT MUST BE SUPERSENSITIVE because they only can capture few photons
of the light cone, as the neutrinos penetrates into the Super-K volume.
The FLASH can happen at any depth, because neutrinos have to interact
with binding energies in the nucleus of atoms to be detected. PMTs have
few nanoseconds to detect the arrival times of photons. A solar neutrino
(from the Sun) interacts in the water, creating an electron, which is
the one that emits Cherenkov light, hitting about 100 PMTs. The output
of the PMTs raise the energy close to 5 MeV, after which software
processing complete the calculations.

One additional narrative is the existence of antineutrinos, which are
(allegedly) distinguished in the Super-K.

The most important facts are:

*  Neutrinos must have mass, but IT IS NOT KNOWN YET.

* Only a difference in alleged masses of the three types of neutrinos is
known, BUT ONLY BECAUSE the detected oscillations are different.

* Since they are emitted (i.e. by the Sun), neutrinos change (mutate)
from one type to the other (or scientists allege to).

* The mutations are originated (as they say) due to mechanisms:

**** Seesaw Mechanism: Heavy right-handed neutrinos suppress left-handed
neutrino masses.

*** Dirac vs. Majorana: If neutrinos are their own antiparticles
(Majorana), their mass could arise from exotic processes.

MY CONCLUSION: Physics needs that neutrinos REALLY EXIST, otherwise the
law of conservation of energy is violated. How neutrinos are generated
IS UNKNOWN. If neutrinos have mass or not IS UNKNOWN. Tens of billions
of USD wasted for nothing, as the confusion in physics increase with
each generation of geniuses proposing contradictory ideas. The existence
of cosmic neutrinos is essential in astrophysics to FILL THE VOID in
calculations. Also, in cosmology, their role is essential for such
unproven theories like the BB.

I smell a rotten fish around this.

Meanwhile, physicists making six figures plus expenses are more than
happy, and have zero accountability.

HOAX!