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From: john larkin <jlarkin_highland_tech>
Newsgroups: sci.electronics.design
Subject: Re: Expedition to Europa
Date: Fri, 28 Jun 2024 11:03:22 -0700
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On Fri, 28 Jun 2024 20:01:20 +0200, Jeroen Belleman
<jeroen@nospam.please> wrote:

>On 6/28/24 09:01, Jeff Layman wrote:
>> On 28/06/2024 02:41, john larkin wrote:
>>> On Fri, 28 Jun 2024 03:22:04 +0200, "Carlos E.R."
>>> <robin_listas@es.invalid> wrote:
>>>
>>>> On 2024-06-27 20:39, Joe Gwinn wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> Excerpted from Aviation Week, June 3-16 2024, page 38:
>>>>>
>>>>> Located more than five times farther away from the Sun than Earth,
>>>>> Europa seems an unlikely place to look for life. Surface temperatures
>>>>> on the ice-shrouded moon of Jupiter average |-260F, and radiation
>>>>> levels are high enough to kill a human being in one day.
>>>>
>>>> Being that far from the sun, where comes that radiation from?
>>>
>>> Our sun is friendly. The universe is deadly.
>>>
>>> It's a miracle that Earth is shielded.
>> 
>> Indeed. It's a point often ignored by exoplanet life-seekers. It's one 
>> thing to find suitable conditions which might create life, it's another 
>> thing entirely to find conditions which could sustain life. Take this 
>> very recent review on Gliese 12 b:
>> <https://ras.ac.uk/news-and-press/news/rare-exo-venus-earth-temperature-discovered>
>> 
>> Note this comment:
>> "..."Although we don't yet know whether it possesses an atmosphere, 
>> we've been thinking of it as an exo-Venus, with similar size and energy 
>> received from its star as our planetary neighbour in the solar system."
>> 
>> An important factor in retaining an atmosphere is the storminess of its 
>> star. Red dwarfs tend to be magnetically active, resulting in frequent, 
>> powerful X-ray flares.
>> 
>> However, analyses by both teams conclude that Gliese 12 shows no signs 
>> of such extreme behaviour, raising hopes that Gliese 12 b's atmosphere 
>> may still be intact."
>> 
>> So a red dwarf tends to have frequent powerful x-ray flares, yet the 
>> only comment is that there were no signs of this extreme behaviour. 
>> Firstly, how can it be "extreme" if it's frequent, and how long have 
>> they been observing this star anyway? Secondly, did nobody consider what 
>> an x-ray flare would do to any life which might have formed on the 
>> planet? Never mind the planet's surface temperature and presence - or 
>> not - of an atmosphere. A blast of x-rays and probably other radiation 
>> isn't exactly know for its life-sustaining properties.
>> 
>> And that's even supposing a red dwarf would be capable of providing 
>> "suitable" radiation levels capable of supporting an earth-like planet 
>> in the first place. See:
>> <https://ras.ac.uk/news-and-press/research-highlights/earth-biospheres-other-planets-may-be-rare>
>> 
>
>Oh well. Earth has a toxic, oxidizing atmosphere, with free oxygen and
>worse, ozone. And yet life thrives.

Earth wants to burn down most of the stuff that we build.