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From: RonO <rokimoto557@gmail.com>
Newsgroups: talk.origins
Subject: Luskin still doesn't get how DNA analysis works
Date: Thu, 19 Jun 2025 13:03:07 -0500
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https://evolutionnews.org/2025/06/critics-struggle-with-evidence-that-humans-and-chimps-are-15-genetically-different/

ID perps like Luskin have to know by now that they are just lying about 
the the DNA difference between chimps and humans.  Trying to make 
something up about the different ways to measure the difference in 
sequence will never change what the DNA difference has already told us 
about the evolutionary relationship between chimps and humans.  Denton 
tried to make a big deal about similarity differences in his first book 
(Theory in Crisis) when he did an analysis that didn't tell him much of 
anything about the evolutionary relationships between the taxa that he 
used at the time.  Really, Denton did the sequence analysis incorrectly 
and tried to claim that his results indicated that there was something 
wrong with the theory of evolution.  He found that all his multicellular 
animal taxa had about the same amino acid sequence difference from 
yeast.  Just the similarity to an outgroup doesn't tell you much of 
anything about the evolution of multicellular animals.  All extant 
lineages had been evolving for the same amount of time since they shared 
a common ancestor with yeast.  Things like the molecular clock are 
dependent on there being a relative clock like rate of change, and all 
the multicellular animal taxa would have been evolving for over half a 
billion years since their lineages shared a common ancestor with yeast. 
Chimps and humans would have had the same percent similarity difference 
with yeast because their sequences are identical and there hasn't been 
enough time to accumulate any differences in the time that they have 
been evolving as independent lineages.  Chimps and humans share the same 
lineage that has been evolving since it separate from the common 
ancestor with yeast.  Rats were only almost the same similarity with 
yeast as humans because the two lineages differed by around a half dozen 
substitutions, and had separated from each other around 80 million years 
ago, but still shared the same lineage for more than half a billion 
years before that separation, so most of the difference in sequence from 
yeast was still shared between rats and humans, but their sequences were 
not identical.

This just means that it isn't the amount of difference you have between 
taxa, but how that difference is parsed up in any phylogeny.  Chimps and 
humans shared the same ancestors for the longest time and their 
sequences are still identical, rats and humans separated around 80 
million years ago, but they still share most of their sequence in common 
because they shared the same lineage for over half a billion years since 
they had a common ancestor with yeast.

If Luskin took all the DNA and compared it correctly to other apes, 
primates, and mammals he would find that even though the sequence he has 
is 14% different between chimps and humans that chimps are still the 
most closely related Ape, primate, or mammal to humans because we share 
a common ancestor more recently with chimps than we did with any other 
ape or mammal.  The sequence we used to get the 1% difference (coding 
sequence is still only 0.7% different between chimps and humans in spite 
of the extra genome sequence that has been sequenced) is still the 
sequence to use to get the most accurate phylogenies because it is the 
sequence that we can most accurately identify in all the taxa in order 
to compare them all to each other.  We can't use most of the additional 
14% sequence difference because we can't compare those sequences with 
the other taxa.  They just change too fast in sequence and copy number 
of repeats.  The other taxa would not have the same sequence to compare, 
and just comparing the amount of it doesn't tell you much because of the 
high rate of change in amount of heterochromatin between and within a 
species.  The DNA that Luskin is lying to the rubes about isn't anything 
that they can use to detect design, and it can't be used to determine 
evolutionary relationships.

Ron Okimoto