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On Thu, 24 Oct 2024 1:27:01 +0000, rhertz wrote:

> That there was a relationship between energy and mass was suspected
> since the last years of XIX century.
>
> By 1899, Poincaré derived such a relationship by using a thought
> experiment with a "light cannon" and its recoil, once it shot a pulse of
> light. By equating the energy of the light pulse and the recoil of such
> a cannon, it lead him to attribute to electromagnetic radiation a mass
> equal to E/c² where E is the total energy of the radiation.
>
> https://www.bjp-bg.com/papers/bjp2019_2_081-093.pdf

P. Moylan seriously misinterpreted Poincaré's 1900 paper. He writes,
| This most famous formula of physics is described by Poincaré, not in
| equation form, but rather in words by considering “a light pulse
| emitted from a Hertzian oscillator and causing the emitter to suffer
| a recoil” for which he gives numerical calculations in which E = mc2
| is implicit.

In actuality, Poincaré interpreted the results of his "light cannon"
as indicating that electromagnetic energy could be imagined as a fluid
having a given density, which is created and destroyed with a given
momentum as energy is absorbed and emitted. The motions of this fluid
would oppose displacement of the center of mass in such fashion as
to preserve the conservation of momentum.

Einstein, in 1906, reimagined Poincaré's light cannon in the form of a
different thought experiment. Rather than ascribing mass to the
electromagnetic fluid, Einstein showed that a simpler interpretation
of Poincaré' thought experiment was to assume that a body's inertia
depends on its energy content according to the law previously stated
in his 1905 paper.
https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol2-trans/214

======================================================================

I note that modern scholarship does not consider Einstein's original
demonstration of the mass-energy relationship, nor the one given in
his 1906 paper cited above, to represent definitive derivations of
E=mc^2. The first _definitive_ derivation of the mass-energy
relationship is often considered to be von Laue's 1911 demonstration.
But Einstein pointed the way.