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From: Kaz Kylheku <433-929-6894@kylheku.com>
Newsgroups: comp.lang.c
Subject: Re: A Famous Security Bug
Date: Sun, 24 Mar 2024 01:23:00 -0000 (UTC)
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On 2024-03-23, David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> wrote:
> I believe we are at an impasse here, unless someone can think of a new 
> point to make.

How about a completely different one about a related but separate
matter (small one).

It has occurred to me that the definition of "translation unit" is
lacking a little bit in regard to existing practice. Or that at least
it could use a footnote:

  "A source file together with all the headers and source files included
  via the preprocessing directive #include is known as a preprocessing
  translation unit."

But in fact, in actual compilers we can do something like this:

  gcc -DMAIN='int main(void) { puts("hello"); }'

and then in the source file we can have

  #include <stdio.h>
  MAIN

the point is that a translation unit tokens can come from sources
other than a source file and its included header files.

Say we have:

  printf '#include <stdio.h>\nMAIN\n' | \
  gcc -DMAIN='int main(void) { puts("hello"); }' -x c -

How we can subject this to a standard-based interpretation is
to identify the output of printf piped into gcc, as well as
the -DMAIN option, as being the "source file".

  "The text of the program is kept in units called source files, (or
  preprocessing files) in this document."

Thus the unit in which we are keeping the source in the above shell
script is identifiable as the content of the pipe, and the symbol MAIN.
It is understood that the MAIN symbol precedes the content of the pipe.
Those things together are the "source file".

This is all fine, but could benefit from a foot note like "A source file
need not be a single data unit accessible by name in a file system.
Implementations may allow situations such as source code dynamically
generated, transmitted to the translator via an interprocess
communication mechanism or network. Furthermore, implementations may
allow some tokens of a translation unit to be injected via a
configuraton mechanism, such as command line arguments."
>
> One thing I would ask before leaving this - could you take a look at the 
> latest draft for the next C standard after C23?
>
><https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3220.pdf>

Thanks, I'm now using that, discontinuing most use of n3096.

> Look at the definitions of the "reproducible" and "unsequenced" function 
> type attributes in 6.7.13.8.  In particular, look at the leeway 
> explicitly given to the compiler for re-arranging code in 6.7.13.8.3p6 
> and similar examples.  Consider how that fits (or fails to fit) with 
> your interpretation of the tranSlation phases in section 5.

These are intersting and useful attributes. They are ortoghonal to the
translation unit issue though.

If we declare that a function in another translation unit is
reproducible, and we call it twice with the same arguments, then
two calls need not take place.

That is not anything like LTO: the function attributes which drives
those semantic possibilities comes from the same translation unit.

If a function is attributed as "reproducible" or "unsequenced" in another
translation unit, such that this is not visible to our current
translation unit (the header file declaration for the function omits
the attributes), then it looks like an ordinary function. If we call
it twice, it gets called twice.

There is no conflict between the semantics of these advanced attributes,
and the claim that LTO is nonconforming.

-- 
TXR Programming Language: http://nongnu.org/txr
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