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From: Hut-Sut Ralson <x@y.com>
Newsgroups: talk.politics.guns
Subject: Re: Current Literature on Gun Safety and Defensive Use
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2025 13:39:29 -0600
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>In 2020, I began a careful literature review if the scientific
>evidence regarding guns and their effect on individuals' safety and
>security focusing primarily on home safety.  To this end, I included
>only scholarly papers published in peer-reviewed scientific journals,
>preferably within the past decade; however, there wasn't a sharp
>cut-off date.
>
>I restricted the search to include only those studies where the data
>were publicly available... which excluded "Gun Ownership as a Risk
>Factor for Homicide in the Home" Kellermann, et. al. because their
>data are HIPAA protected and Dr. Gary Kleck (various studies) because
>his data are exclusively unvalidated, anonymous telephone survey
>responses.  (I'm looking for studies on gun use, not how people
>respond to surveys.)
>
>I find 37 studies matching my criteria (list attached in alphabetical
>order by author.)  My research question is: "What is the position of
>the scientific community on gun ownership and personal safety?"  In
>the interest of objectivity, are there any that should have been
>included and aren't?
>
>--> Published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.
>
>--> Data available to the public.
>
>--> Published in the last decade (or so).
>
>
>
>
>Anglemyer A, Horvath T, and Rutherford G. (2014). The accessibility of
>firearms and risk for suicide and homicide victimization among
>household members: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of
>Internal Medicine.
>
>Bangalore S & Messerli FH. (2013). Gun ownership and firearm-related
>deaths. American Journal of Medicine.
>
>Barber C, Cook PJ, Parker ST. (2022). The emerging infrastructure of
>US firearms injury data. Preventive medicine. 
>
>Benjamin Jr AJ, Kepes S, and Bushman BJ. (2018). Effects of weapons on
>aggressive thoughts, angry feelings, hostile appraisals, and
>aggressive behavior: A meta-analytic review of the weapons effect
>literature. Personality and Social Psychology Review.   
>
>Campbell JC, Webster D, Koziol-McLain J, Block C, Campbell D, Curry
>MA, Gary F, Glass N, McFarlane J, Sachs C, Sharps P, Ulrich Y, Wilt
>SA, Manganello J, Xu X, Schollenberger J, Frye V, & Laughon K. (2003).
>Risk factors for femicide in abusive relationships: Results from a
>multisite case control study. American Journal of Public Health. 
>
>Crifasi CK, Ward J, McCourt AD, Webster D, Doucette ML. (2023).The
>association between permit-to-purchase laws and shootings by police.
>Injury epidemiology.
>
>Daigle MS. (2005). Suicide prevention through means restriction:
>Assessing the risk of substitution. A critical review and synthesis.
>Accident Analysis and Prevention.
>
>DeSimone J, Markowitz S, Xu J. (2013). Child access prevention laws
>and nonfatal gun injuries. Southern Economic Journal.
>
>Doherty C, Kiley J, Oliphant B, Hartig H, Borelli G, Daniller A, Van
>Green T, Cerda A, Gracia S, and Lin K. (2023). For most U.S. gun
>owners, protection is the main reason they own a gun. Pew Research
>Center.  
>
>Donohue JJ, Aneja A, & Weber KD. (2019). Right?to?carry laws and
>violent crime: A comprehensive assessment using panel data and a
>state?level synthetic control analysis. Journal of Empirical Legal
>Studies.
>
>Doucette ML, McCourt AD, Crifasi CK, & Webster DW. (2023). Impact of
>changes to concealed-carry weapons laws on fatal and nonfatal violent
>crime, 1980-2019. American Journal of Epidemiology.
>
>Doucette ML, Ward JA, McCourt AD, Webster D, Crifasi CK. (2022).
>Officer-involved shootings and concealed carry weapons permitting
>laws: analysis of gun violence archive data, 2014-2020. Journal of
>urban health.
>
>Grinshteyn E & Hemenway D. (2019). Violent death rates in the US
>compared to those of the other high-income countries, 2015. Preventive
>Medicine.
>
>Gun Ownership in America, 1980-2016. (2020). RAND Corporation.
>
>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. (2000). Lethality of
>suicide methods: Case fatality rates by suicide method, 8 U.S. states,
>1989-1997.  
>
>Hemenway D, Azrael D, and Miller M. (2017). Whose guns are stolen? The
>epidemiology of gun theft victims. Injury Epidemiology.  
>
>Karp A. (2018). Estimating global civilian-held firearms numbers.
>Small Arms Survey.
>
>Kaufman EJ, Karp DN, and Delgado MK. (2017). US emergency department
>encounters for law enforcement-associated injury, 2006-2012. Jama
>Surgery. 
>
>LaFrance A. (2016). The Americans who stockpile guns. The Atlantic. 
>
>Lethality of suicide methods. Means Matter. Harvard T.H.Chan School of
>Public Health. 
>
>McCarthy J. (2014). More than six in 10 Americans say guns make homes
>safer. Gallup.  
>
>Miller M and Azrael D. (2022). Firearm storage in US households with
>children. JAMA Network. 
>
>O'Toole M, Szkola J, and Burd-Sharps S. (2022). Gun thefts from cars:
>the largest source of stolen guns. Everytown Research and Policy. 
>
>One in Five American Households Purchased a Gun During the Pandemic.
>(2022). NORC at the University of Chicago.  
>
>Owens D, Horrocks J, & House A. (2002). Fatal and non-fatal repetition
>of self-harm. Systematic review. British Journal of Psychiatry. 
>
>Reeping PM, Cerdá M, Kalesan B, Wiebe DJ, Galea S, and Branas CC.
>(2019). State gun laws, gun ownership, and mass shootings in the US:
>Cross sectional time series. British Medical Journal. 
>
>Schaeffer K. (2023). Key facts about Americans and guns. Pew Research
>Center.  
>
>Schnippel K, Burd-Sharps S, Miller T, Lawrence B, Swedler DL. (2021).
>Nonfatal firearm injuries by intent in the United States: 2016-2018
>Hospital Discharge Records from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization
>Project. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency
>Care with Population Health.
>
>Siegel M and Rothman EF. (2016). Firearm ownership and suicide rates
>among US men and women, 1981-2013. American Journal of Public Health. 
>
> Siegel M, Ross CS, and King C. (2014). Examining the relationship
>between the prevalence of guns and homicide rates in the USA using a
>new and improved state-level gun ownership proxy. Injury Prevention.
>
>Tate J, Jenkins J, & Rich S. (2021). Fatal Force. Washington Post. 
>
>Three-year average, 2019-2021. Centers for Disease Control and
>Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Underlying Cause of
>Death.
>
>Three-year average, 2019-2021. Centers for Disease Control and
>Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Underlying Cause of
>Death.
>
>Villarreal, S., Kim, R., Wagner, E., Somayaji, N., Davis, A., &
>Crifasi, C. K. (2024). Gun Violence in the United States 2022:
>Examining the Burden Among Children and Teens. Johns Hopkins Center
>for Gun Violence Solutions. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
>Health.
>
>Webster DW, Starnes M. (2000). Reexamining the association between
>child access prevention gun laws and unintentional shooting deaths of
>children. Pediatrics. 
>
>Webster DW, Vernick JS, Zeoli AM, and Manganello JA. (2004).
>Association between youth-focused firearm laws and youth suicides.
>JAMA Network.
>
>Zeoli AM, Malinski R, & Turchan B. (2016). Risks and targeted
>interventions: Firearms in intimate partner violence. Epidemiologic
>Reviews.
>
>
>Bralla Bralla Sooit

Reading through the scientific literature (Intro, Methodology,
Conclusion), I see some themes emerging.  The community seems to be in
agreement on some basic facts:

There is no positive correlation between arming oneself and personal
safety.  The studies are either neutral or find that gun ownership
correlates with a greater probability of being a victim of violence.

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