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https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2021/10/fig2_fy_en_21_ManabesClimateModel.pdf


ATMOSPHERE
Syukuro Manabe was the first researcher to
explore the interaction between radiation
balance and the vertical transport of air
masses due to convection, also taking account
of the heat contributed by the water cycle.
Incoming
solar radiation
Infrared
heat radiation
Cold
air
Hot air +
latent heat
Infrared heat radiation from the
ground is partially absorbed in the
atmosphere, warming the air and
the ground, while some radiates
out into space.
Hot air is lighter than cold air, so it rises
through convection. It also carries water
vapour, which is a powerful greenhouse
gas. The warmer the air, the higher the
concentration of water vapour. Further up,
where the atmosphere is colder, cloud
drops form, releasing the latent heat
stored in the water vapour.
Manabe’s climate model
©Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences