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From: tomyee3@gmail.com (ProkaryoticCaspaseHomolog)
Newsgroups: sci.physics.relativity
Subject: Re: Interesting. ChatGPT fails defending starlight deflection when photons
 graze Sun's surface
Date: Sat, 18 Jan 2025 07:59:17 +0000
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On Sat, 18 Jan 2025 1:34:39 +0000, LaurenceClarkCrossen wrote:

> On Sat, 18 Jan 2025 0:57:06 +0000, ProkaryoticCaspaseHomolog wrote:
>
>> On Fri, 17 Jan 2025 21:46:00 +0000, rhertz wrote:
>>
>>> For me, c IS CONSTANT, and the phenomena of deflection is due to
>>> REFRACTION.
>>
>> ======================================================================
>>
>> In the Earth's ionosphere, radio waves are strongly refracted by free
>> electrons. This refraction is strongly dependent on frequency:
>>
>> n^2 = 1 - ω_p^2 / [ω(ω + iν)]
>>
>> where ω_p is the plasma frequency. Propagation of optical frequency
>> light is virtually unaffected by free electrons in the ionosphere.
>>
>> Both radio frequencies and optical frequencies are refracted by BOUND
>> electrons in atoms and molecules. In the Earth's atmosphere, water
>> molecules are extremely important in the refraction of radio waves,
>> but of rather less importance in the refraction of optical frequencies.
>>
>> ======================================================================
>>
>> In the solar corona, the situation is quite different. Radio waves
>> are, of course, refracted by free electrons in the solar corona, so
>> VLBI measurements of the gravitational deflection of radio waves must
>> be corrected for refraction. This is done by performing measurements
>> at multiple wavelengths and using the known relationship between
>> wavelength and refraction by free electrons to determine the
>> un-refracted path of the radio waves.
>>
>> It is unnecessary to correct for refraction by BOUND electrons because
>> of their almost complete absence in the solar corona. Above a
>> transition zone a few thousand kilometers above the surface, the
>> coronal gases are heated to temperatures greater than 1,000,000°C. At
>> such temperatures, all of the lighter elements (hydrogen, helium,
>> carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen) are stripped down to bare nuclei.
>> Spectral lines visible in the corona comes from heavier trace elements
>> like iron and calcium which are able to retain a few of their
>> electrons.
>>
>> (Do not be confused by the F corona spectral lines, which are due to
>> scattering of light by dust particles.)
>>
>> Visible light passing by the Sun is not refracted by FREE electrons in
>> the solar corona, and the complete stripping of electrons from all
>> elements up through oxygen means that there are virtually no BOUND
>> electrons in polarizable atomic species capable of refracting visible
>> light either.
>>
>> In other words, not only is the solar atmosphere far too tenuous to
>> contribute significantly to the measured deflection of visible light,
>> its composition is entirely wrong.
>>
>> ======================================================================
> Alexander Unzicker differs with you on that in his book, "The Liquid
> Sun."

Naturally, you prefer to believe in absolute, complete crackpot nonsense
by a person who claims a degree in neuroscience but nevertheless has a
considerable YouTube following.

Why does that not surprise me?

https://www.reddit.com/r/AskPhysics/comments/10lf8er/alexander_unzicker/
https://www.reddit.com/r/AskPhysics/comments/10lf8er/alexander_unzicker/
https://www.quora.com/Could-the-physicist-Unzicker-be-right-when-he-says-Postwar-physicists-while-deliberately-ignoring-gravity-invented-two-more-interactions-as-if-this-wasn-t-a-sign-of-methodological-degeneration