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NNTP-Posting-Date: Sat, 21 Dec 2024 02:30:47 +0000
Subject: Re: Gravitational time dilation HOAX along the years
Newsgroups: sci.physics.relativity
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From: Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Dec 2024 18:30:44 -0800
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On 12/20/2024 05:56 PM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
> On 12/20/2024 04:58 PM, rhertz wrote:
>> On Fri, 20 Dec 2024 22:36:45 +0000, J. J. Lodder wrote:
>>
>>> rhertz <hertz778@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>
>>>> On Fri, 20 Dec 2024 11:56:48 +0000, J. J. Lodder wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> rhertz <hertz778@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> This deserves a DEEP READING by all, relativists or not:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> https://www.privatdozent.co/p/einstein-and-hilberts-relativity
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Einstein and Hilbert's Relativity Race
>>>>>> Who generalized relativity first, Einstein or Hilbert?
>>>>>> Jørgen Veisdal
>>>>>> Jul 03, 2021
>>>>>
>>>>> So the answer is once again Einstein.
>>>>> Why am I not surprised?
>>>>>
>>>>> Jan
>>>>
>>>> Read it again, fanatic.
>>>>
>>>> You have serious problem with text comprehension. Dyslexia or denial?
>>>
>>> The problem seems to be entirely yours.
>>> What is it that you don't understand about:
>>> =====
>>> It is indisputable that Hilbert, like all of his other colleagues,
>>> acknowledged Einstein as the sole creator of relativity theory (Fölsing,
>>> 1993). This is confirmed in many places, even on the first page of
>>> Hilbert's publication.  (in the conclusion of your ref.)
>>> =====
>>>
>>> Jan
>>
>>
>> History: Einstein was no lone genius
>> https://www.nature.com/articles/527298a
>>
>> ***************************************************************
>> A century ago, in November 1915, Albert Einstein published his general
>> theory of relativity in four short papers in the proceedings of the
>> Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin1. The theory is often presented
>> as the work of a lone genius. In fact, the physicist received a great
>> deal of help from friends and colleagues, most of whom never rose to
>> prominence and have been forgotten.
>>
>> Michele Besso: Discussions between Besso and Einstein earned the former
>> the sole acknowledgment in the most famous of Einstein's 1905 papers,
>> the one introducing the special theory of relativity. Einstein worked
>> with Besso in the summer of 1913 to investigate whether the Grossman
>> They found that it could only explain less than 1˝. Nordström's theory
>> gave 7˝ in the wrong direction. These calculations are preserved in the
>> 'Einstein–Besso manuscript' of 1913. Besso contributed significantly to
>> the calculations and raised interesting questions.
>> Einstein and Besso also checked whether the Entwurf equations hold in a
>> rotating coordinate system. In that case the, such as the centrifugal
>> force we experience on a merry-go-round,. The theory seemed to pass this
>> test. In August 1913, Besso warned Einstein that inertial forces of
>> rotation could not be interpreted as gravitational forces. Einstein did
>> not heed the warning, which would cost him to lose two years of work,
>> until November 1915.
>>
>> Hermann Minkowski: reformulated the 1905 theory in pure mathematical
>> terms, introducing the concept of spacetime and the energy–momentum
>> tensor, when a special-relativistic reformulation of the theory of
>> electrodynamics of Maxwell and Lorentz was introduced. It soon became
>> clear that an energy–momentum tensor could be defined for physical
>> systems other than electromagnetic fields. The tensor took centre stage
>> in the new relativistic mechanics presented in the first textbook on
>> special relativity, Das Relativitätsprinzip, written by Max Laue in
>> 1911.
>>
>> Marcel Grossman: In 1912, Einstein returned to Zurich and was reunited
>> with Grossmann at the ETH. The pair joined forces to generate a fully
>> fledged theory. Grossman was the only author of the mathematical part,
>> based on derivations of Gauss's theory of curved surfaces. As we know
>> from recollected conversations, Einstein told Grossmann: “You must help
>> me, or else I'll go crazy.”. Grossman was highly recognized as a
>> mathematician by then, and used the body of work of the italian
>> Levi-Civita to build the core of the Entwurf I paper. The main advance
>> between this 1913 Entwurf theory and the general relativity theory of
>> November 1915 are the final field equations as 'generally covariant'.
>>
>> Gunnar Nordström: Among several new theories proposed since 1911, in
>> which gravity, like electromagnetism, was represented by a field in the
>> flat space-time of special relativity, Nordström's theory was
>> particularly promising. Einstein compared the Entwurf theory to
>> Nordström's theory, and worked on both theories between May and late
>> August 1913.
>>
>> Friedrich Kottler:  In 1912, the Viennese physicist generalized Laue's
>> formalism from flat to curved space-time. Einstein and Grossmann relied
>> on this generalization in their formulation of the Entwurf theory.
>> During his 1913 Vienna lecture, Einstein called for Kottler to stand up
>> and be recognized for this work.
>>
>> Adriaan Fokker:  In Zurich, Einstein teamed up with Fokker, a student of
>> Lorentz, to reformulate the Nordström theory using the same kind of
>> mathematics that Grossmann had used to formulate the Entwurf theory.
>> Einstein and Fokker showed that in both theories the gravitational field
>> can be incorporated into the structure of a curved space-time. This work
>> gave Einstein a clearer picture of the structure of the Grossman's
>> Entwurf theory, which helped him and Grossmann in a second joint paper
>> on the theory, published in May 1914.
>>
>> Lorentz and Paul Ehrenfest: Once the First World War began, Berlin's
>> scientific elite showed no interest in the Entwurf theory, although
>> renowned colleagues elsewhere did. From Leiden, the Netherlands Lorentz
>> and Ehrenfest volunteered to help Einstein in secret, due to the laws of
>> war imposed in Germany.
>>
>> David Hilbert:  In the summer of 1915, while lecturing in Göttingen due
>> to Hilbert's invitation,  Einstein explained to Hilbert the status of
>> his work, and asked for help in many concepts of absolute differential
>> geometry. Due to Hilbert's comments on his work, Einstein started to
>> have serious doubts. He discovered to his dismay that the Entwurf theory
>> does not make rotational motion relative. Besso was right. Einstein
>> wrote to Freundlich for help: his “mind was in a deep rut”, so he hoped
>> that the young astronomer as “a fellow human being with unspoiled brain
>> matter” could tell him what he was doing wrong. Freundlich could not
>> help him.
>>
>> Hilbert was curious about the true solution of the general covariant
>> field equation, and started to work on this problem by September 1915.
>> It was Klein, a colleague of Hilbert, who warned Einstein about
>> Hilbert's decision.
>> Worried that Hilbert might beat him to the punch, Einstein maintained
>> written communication with Hilbert, from which he learned that Hilbert
>> had finished a draft with the correct theory. Einstein asked Hilbert for
>> a copy of his work, to compare with his one, after what he rushed new
>> equations into print in early November 1915, modifying them the
>> following week and again two weeks later in subsequent papers submitted
>> to the Prussian Academy. The field equations were generally covariant at
>> last. That particular letter from Hilbert disappeared.
>>
>>
>> Freundlich: Working close to Einstein since 1912, when Einstein returned
>> to the perihelion motion of Mercury, Freundlich guided Einstein about
>> the reformulation of the theory by using only the Sun and a massless
>> point-like Mercury, for which he provided  the astronomical data
>> developed by Le Verrier and Newcomb, which accounted for the total
>> influence of the relevant celestial bodies plus the (Newcomb) missing
>> 43″ per century. Einstein kept quiet on why he had been able to do the
>> calculations, a partial variation of the work with Besso in 1913.
>>
>> Other "almost intimate friends":
>>
>> Alexander Pick: Got for Einstein the professorship in Vienna in 1911,
>> and introduced him into Riemann's geometry, hinting him about the
>> existence of new theories based on Riemann, from the school of northern
>> Italian mathematicians like Ricci Cubarstro and Levi-Civita. After a
>> quarrel with Pick, he abandoned Vienna only 14 months after, seeking for
>> Grossman's help. He was a mathematician, specialized in similar fields
>> than Grossman, as it was a trend in that epoch.
>>
>> Arnold Sommerfeld: The head of theoretical physics department from
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