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From: olcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Newsgroups: sci.logic
Subject: Re: I just fixed the loophole of the Gettier cases
Date: Fri, 6 Sep 2024 07:24:04 -0500
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On 9/6/2024 6:43 AM, Mikko wrote:
> On 2024-09-03 12:49:11 +0000, olcott said:
> 
>> On 9/3/2024 5:44 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>> On 2024-09-02 12:24:38 +0000, olcott said:
>>>
>>>> On 9/2/2024 3:29 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>> On 2024-09-01 12:56:16 +0000, olcott said:
>>>>>
>>>>>> On 8/31/2024 10:04 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>> *I just fixed the loophole of the Gettier cases*
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> knowledge is a justified true belief such that the
>>>>>>> justification is sufficient reason to accept the
>>>>>>> truth of the belief.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettier_problem
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> With a Justified true belief, in the Gettier cases
>>>>>> the observer does not know enough to know its true
>>>>>> yet it remains stipulated to be true.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> My original correction to this was a JTB such that the
>>>>>> justification necessitates the truth of the belief.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> With a [Sufficiently Justified belief], it is stipulated
>>>>>> that the observer does have a sufficient reason to accept
>>>>>> the truth of the belief.
>>>>>
>>>>> What could be a sufficient reason? Every justification of every
>>>>> belief involves other belifs that could be false.
>>>>
>>>> For the justification to be sufficient the consequence of
>>>> the belief must be semantically entailed by its justification.
>>>
>>> If the belief is about something real then its justification
>>> involves claims about something real. Nothing real is certain.
>>>
>>
>> I don't think that is correct.
>> My left hand exists right now even if it is
>> a mere figment of my own imagination and five
>> minutes ago never existed.
> 
> As I don't know and can't (at least now) verify whether your left
> hand exists or ever existed I can't regard that as a counter-
> example.
> 
>>> If the belief is not about something real then it is not clear
>>> whether it is correct to call it "belief".
>>
>> *An axiomatic chain of inference based on this*
>> By the theory of simple types I mean the doctrine which says
>> that the objects of thought (or, in another interpretation,
>> the symbolic expressions) are divided into types, namely:
>> individuals, properties of individuals, relations between
>> individuals, properties of such relations, etc.
>>
>> ...sentences of the form: " a has the property φ ", " b bears
>> the relation R to c ", etc. are meaningless, if a, b, c, R, φ
>> are not of types fitting together.
>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_type_theory#G%C3%B6del_1944
> 
> The concepts of knowledge and truth are applicable to the knowledge
> whether that is what certain peple meant when using those words.
> Whether or to what extent that theory can be said to be true is
> another problem.
> 

The fundamental architectural overview of all Prolog implementations
is the same True(x) means X is derived by applying Rules (AKA truth 
preserving operations) to Facts.

That is the way that all expressions X of language L are determined
to be true in L on the basis of the connection from X in L by truth 
preserving operations to the semantic meaning of X in L.

{Linguistic truth} is the philosophical foundation of truth
in math and logic, AKA relations between finite strings.

-- 
Copyright 2024 Olcott "Talent hits a target no one else can hit; Genius
hits a target no one else can see." Arthur Schopenhauer