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From: Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi>
Newsgroups: sci.logic
Subject: Re: I just fixed the loophole of the Gettier cases
Date: Sun, 15 Sep 2024 12:01:25 +0300
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On 2024-09-15 02:09:50 +0000, Richard Damon said:

> On 9/14/24 5:26 PM, olcott wrote:
>> On 9/13/2024 3:09 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>> On 2024-09-13 01:17:15 +0000, olcott said:
>>> 
>>>> On 9/12/2024 3:54 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>> On 2024-09-11 12:14:53 +0000, olcott said:
>>>>> 
>>>>>> On 9/11/2024 2:05 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>> On 2024-09-10 13:23:39 +0000, olcott said:
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> They all have negation as failure, the key element
>>>>>>>> required to reject self-contradictory expressions.
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> The not operator of Prolog is not a part of Horn clause system. It is
>>>>>>> not the same as the not operator of ordinary logic. Therefore one nust
>>>>>>> be careful with its use and interpretation.
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> You have not defined what you mean with "reject" and how that relates
>>>>>>> to the behaviour of Prolog programs.
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negation_as_failure
>>>>>> The failure to prove X from Facts and Rules
>>>>>> means that X is untrue yet not necessarily false.
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> The failure to prove X or ~X from Facts and Rules
>>>>>> means that X is untrue and unfalse, thus not a
>>>>>> truth bearer.
>>>>> 
>>>>> X may represent a real world claim that is either true or false but
>>>>> cannot be determined either way with Prolog rules.
>>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> When a Prolog Fact is specified that cats are animals
>>>> then we can know by Prolog Facts that cats are animals.
>>> 
>>> We know that even if no Prolog fact about that is specified.
>>> 
>> 
>> Not one single being in the universe understood
>> that "cats are animals" was anything but pure gibberish
>> until this was specified.
> 
> Nope, because you don't understand how linguistics were developed.
> 
> Sorry, you are just proving your stupidity.
> 
> The words had there meaning long before "logic" was invented.

Logic was invented before "cat" and "animal" had meaning in the
same language.

-- 
Mikko