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From: Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi>
Newsgroups: sci.logic
Subject: Re: How a True(X) predicate can be defined for the set of analytic knowledge
Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2025 12:04:08 +0300
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On 2025-03-30 11:20:05 +0000, olcott said:

> On 3/30/2025 4:57 AM, Mikko wrote:
>> On 2025-03-29 14:06:17 +0000, olcott said:
>> 
>>> On 3/29/2025 5:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>> On 2025-03-28 19:59:16 +0000, olcott said:
>>>> 
>>>>> On 3/28/2025 7:12 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>> On 2025-03-28 01:04:45 +0000, olcott said:
>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> On 3/27/2025 5:48 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 2025-03-26 17:58:10 +0000, olcott said:
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> On 3/26/2025 3:39 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 2025-03-26 02:15:26 +0000, olcott said:
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> On 3/25/2025 8:08 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> On 3/25/25 10:56 AM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 3/25/2025 5:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 2025-03-22 17:53:28 +0000, olcott said:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 3/22/2025 11:43 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 2025-03-21 12:49:06 +0000, olcott said:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 3/21/2025 3:57 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 2025-03-20 15:02:42 +0000, olcott said:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 3/20/2025 8:09 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 2025-03-20 02:42:53 +0000, olcott said:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> It is stipulated that analytic knowledge is limited to the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> set of knowledge that can be expressed using language or
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> derived by applying truth preserving operations to elements
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> of this set.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> A simple example is the first order group theory.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> When we begin with a set of basic facts and all inference
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is limited to applying truth preserving operations to
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> elements of this set then a True(X) predicate cannot possibly
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> be thwarted.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> There is no computable predicate that tells whether a sentence
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> of the first order group theory can be proven.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Likewise there currently does not exist any finite
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> proof that the Goldbach Conjecture is true or false
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> thus True(GC) is a type mismatch error.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> However, it is possible that someone finds a proof of the conjecture
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> or its negation. Then the predicate True is no longer complete.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> The set of all human general knowledge that can
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> be expressed using language gets updated.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> When we redefine logic systems such that they begin
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> with set of basic facts and are only allowed to
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> apply truth preserving operations to these basic
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> facts then every element of the system is provable
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> on the basis of these truth preserving operations.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> However, it is possible (and, for sufficiently powerful sysems, certain)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> that the provability is not computable.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> When we begin with basic facts and only apply truth preserving
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> to the giant semantic tautology of the set of human knowledge
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> that can be expressed using language then every element in this
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> set is reachable by these same truth preserving operations.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> The set of human knowledge that can be expressed using language
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is not a tautology.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> tautology, in logic, a statement so framed that
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> it cannot be denied without inconsistency.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> And human knowledge is not.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> What is taken to be knowledge might possibly be false.
>>>>>>>>>>>>> What actually <is> knowledge is impossibly false by
>>>>>>>>>>>>> definition.
>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>>> How do you DEFINE what is actually knowledge?
>>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>>> *This is a good first guess*
>>>>>>>>>>> The set of expressions of language that have the
>>>>>>>>>>> semantic property of true that are written down
>>>>>>>>>>> somewhere.
>>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> We already know that many expressions of language that have the semantic
>>>>>>>>>> proerty of true are not written down anywhere.
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> Only general knowledge
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> What is "general" intended to mean here? In absense of any definition
>>>>>>>> it is too vague to really mean anything.
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> Reverse-engineer how you could define a set of
>>>>>>> knowledge that is finite rather than infinite.
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> First one should define what the elements of that set could be.
>>>>>> If sentences, and there are not too many of them, a set of knowledge
>>>>>> could be presented as a book that contains those sentences and nothing
>>>>>> else.
>>>>> 
>>>>> A list of sentences would not make for efficient processing.
>>>> 
>>>> Unless you want to exclude uncertain facts the set of know facts is
>>>> small, probably empty. If you include many uncertain facts then
>>>> almost certainly your True(X) is true for some false X.
>>>> 
>>> 
>>> Yes of course there are no known facts it might be the case
>>> that feline kittens have always been 15 story office buildings
>>> and we have been deluded into thinking differently.
>>> 
>>>>> A knowledge ontology inheritance hierarchy is most efficient.
>>>>> 
>>>>>> However, there could be no uncertain sentences as they are not known
>>>>>> (sensu Olcotti).
>>>>> 
>>>>> Scientific theories would be uncertain truth.
>>>>> It is a known fact that X evidence seems to make Y
>>>>> a reasonably plausible possibility.
>>>> 
>>>> A good example is Newtonial mchanics, which is known to be wrong but is
>>>> useful and used for practical purposes. How should your True(X) handle
>>>> that?
>>>> 
>>>>>>> The set of everything that anyone ever wrote
>>>>>>> down would be finite.
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> But not knowable.
>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> Most of this would be
>>>>>>> specific knowledge Pete's dog was named Bella.
>>>>>>> Some is general dogs are animals.
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>>> Ae also know that many expressions of language that are written down
>>>>>>>>>> somewhere lack the semantic property of true.
>>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>>> False statements do not count as knowledge.
>>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>>> No, but your "the set of expressions of language that have the semantic
>>>>>>>> property of true that are written down somewhere" is not useful because
>>>>>>>> there is no way to know that set.
>>>>>>> 
>>>>>>> We can know that the set of general knowledge that can
>>>>>>> possibly be written down (formerly the analytic aspect
>>>>>>> of the analytic/synthetic distinction) exists without
>>>>>>> enumerating its elements.
>>>>>> 
>>>>>> But we can't use it.
>>>>> 
>>>>> We can use it right now to understand that Tarski
>>>>> has been refuted and that True(X) does exist for
>>>>> a specific and crucially relevant domain.
>>>> 
>>>> Understanding that Tarski has been refuted hardly counts as understanding
>>>> as Tarstki has not been refuted.
>>>> 
>>> 
>>> When Tarski said True(X) cannot be defined, he is proved wrong.
>> 
>> He didn't say that True(X) cannot be defined. He proved that no definition
>> defines a predicate that tells whether a sentence is true.
> 
> Mere more verbose way of saying the same thing.
> 
>> If you reject
>> the idea that a sentence derived from true sentences with turth preserving
>> transformations is always true then you may disagree.
> 
> Since this <is> my own design, I do not reject it.
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