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From: KevinJ93 <kevin_es@whitedigs.com>
Newsgroups: sci.electronics.design
Subject: Re: Grand Apagon - Electricity (not) in Spain
Date: Thu, 1 May 2025 11:37:46 -0700
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On 5/1/25 4:06 AM, Jeroen Belleman wrote:
> On 5/1/25 12:24, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
>> Chris Jones <lugnut808@spam.yahoo.com> wrote:
>>
>>
>>> There is nothing magic about the current from a rotating generator that
>>> cannot be exactly replicated by an inverter ...
>>
>> Inertia.  Not magic but physics.   A store of energy that can be drawn
>> on instantly for several seconds.  Only an inverter with a massive
>> energy storage system could match that; domestic systems can't.
>>
>>
> 
> I'm convinced it's becoming necessary for small domestic systems
> to servo the injected power to the grid frequency, just as is done
> for large power plants. There is no need for massive storage; Each
> contributes what he is able to. I *do* think the dP/dF will need to
> be adjusted by some central authority to keep a stable system.
> 
> Jeroen Belleman

In California and many other states it is required that residential 
solar inverters adhere to Rule 21 (aka UL 1741).

They have some simple rules that are intended to stabilize the grid 
where there are significant amounts of solar power.

Below 60Hz and 245V the inverters are not restricted but as the 
frequency or voltage rises above the thresholds the inverters will 
curtail their output.

As there is no energy storage in the inverters it is not possible to go 
further and take power from the grid.

As yes there are no similar rules for systems with batteries but it 
could easily be implemented even in residential photovoltaic systems.

Processing complexity is not likely to be an issue as even 
micro-inverters have their own processor in general with internet link.

Typically some form of Powerline communication is used to communicate 
from the inverter/s to a gateway that has the internet connection.