X-Received: by 2002:a05:622a:86:b0:342:f620:dc7a with SMTP id o6-20020a05622a008600b00342f620dc7amr44649522qtw.594.1662469229137; Tue, 06 Sep 2022 06:00:29 -0700 (PDT) X-Received: by 2002:a05:6808:1491:b0:343:7543:1a37 with SMTP id e17-20020a056808149100b0034375431a37mr9994031oiw.106.1662469228857; Tue, 06 Sep 2022 06:00:28 -0700 (PDT) Path: ...!news-out.google.com!nntp.google.com!postnews.google.com!google-groups.googlegroups.com!not-for-mail Newsgroups: fr.sci.astrophysique Date: Tue, 6 Sep 2022 06:00:28 -0700 (PDT) In-Reply-To: Injection-Info: google-groups.googlegroups.com; posting-host=93.27.150.145; posting-account=Lz-LbgoAAABPDavKeW-eYeobwLHD_cvQ NNTP-Posting-Host: 93.27.150.145 References: User-Agent: G2/1.0 MIME-Version: 1.0 Message-ID: <1bf8623d-baf2-4a29-9b0a-b35e011f1e7an@googlegroups.com> Subject: Re: Obvious Violation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics From: Pentcho Valev Injection-Date: Tue, 06 Sep 2022 13:00:29 +0000 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Bytes: 2390 Lines: 24 Countless materials reversibly contract and then swell as a chemical agent = (e.g. hydrogen ions) is added to and then removed from the system: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Illustration-of-a-volume-transition-in-= a-cross-linked-polybase-network-triggered-by-a-pH_fig1_47426820 These materials can, in principle, convert ambient heat into work cyclicall= y and isothermally, in violation of the second law of thermodynamics. Here = are two illustrations of how, by adding and removing hydrogen ions (H+), on= e can extract work from pH-sensitive polymers: Figure 4 here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1367611/pdf/bio= physj00645-0017.pdf Figure 16A here: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jp972167t. Adding and removing H+, per se, consumes no work if done QUASISTATICALLY. T= his means that the work lost e.g. in adding is compensated by the work gain= ed in removing, and the net work involved is zero. So lifting a weight is t= he net work extracted from the cycle. The second law of thermodynamics is c= learly violated. More here: https://twitter.com/pentcho_valev Pentcho Valev