X-Received: by 2002:a05:622a:86:b0:342:f620:dc7a with SMTP id o6-20020a05622a008600b00342f620dc7amr44649522qtw.594.1662469229137;
        Tue, 06 Sep 2022 06:00:29 -0700 (PDT)
X-Received: by 2002:a05:6808:1491:b0:343:7543:1a37 with SMTP id
 e17-20020a056808149100b0034375431a37mr9994031oiw.106.1662469228857; Tue, 06
 Sep 2022 06:00:28 -0700 (PDT)
Path: ...!news-out.google.com!nntp.google.com!postnews.google.com!google-groups.googlegroups.com!not-for-mail
Newsgroups: fr.sci.astrophysique
Date: Tue, 6 Sep 2022 06:00:28 -0700 (PDT)
In-Reply-To: <d79f8200-4326-497b-a3c5-f271b93c59afn@googlegroups.com>
Injection-Info: google-groups.googlegroups.com; posting-host=93.27.150.145; posting-account=Lz-LbgoAAABPDavKeW-eYeobwLHD_cvQ
NNTP-Posting-Host: 93.27.150.145
References: <d79f8200-4326-497b-a3c5-f271b93c59afn@googlegroups.com>
User-Agent: G2/1.0
MIME-Version: 1.0
Message-ID: <1bf8623d-baf2-4a29-9b0a-b35e011f1e7an@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: Obvious Violation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
From: Pentcho Valev <pentcho.valev@gmail.com>
Injection-Date: Tue, 06 Sep 2022 13:00:29 +0000
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Bytes: 2390
Lines: 24

Countless materials reversibly contract and then swell as a chemical agent =
(e.g. hydrogen ions) is added to and then removed from the system:

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Illustration-of-a-volume-transition-in-=
a-cross-linked-polybase-network-triggered-by-a-pH_fig1_47426820

These materials can, in principle, convert ambient heat into work cyclicall=
y and isothermally, in violation of the second law of thermodynamics. Here =
are two illustrations of how, by adding and removing hydrogen ions (H+), on=
e can extract work from pH-sensitive polymers:

Figure 4 here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1367611/pdf/bio=
physj00645-0017.pdf

Figure 16A here: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jp972167t.

Adding and removing H+, per se, consumes no work if done QUASISTATICALLY. T=
his means that the work lost e.g. in adding is compensated by the work gain=
ed in removing, and the net work involved is zero. So lifting a weight is t=
he net work extracted from the cycle. The second law of thermodynamics is c=
learly violated.

More here: https://twitter.com/pentcho_valev

Pentcho Valev